DNA Analysis Indicates That Asian Elephants Are Native to Borneo and Are Therefore a High Priority for Conservation

DNA Analysis Indicates That Asian Elephants Are Native to Borneo and Are Therefore a High Priority for Conservation

The origin of Borneo's elephants is controversial. Two competing hypotheses argue that they are either indigenous, tracing back to the Pleistocene, or were introduced, descending from elephants imported in the 16th-18th centuries. Taxonomically, they have either been classified as a unique subspecies or placed under the Indian or Sumatran subspecies. If shown to be a unique indigenous populatio...

Borneo Elephants: A High Priority for Conservation

Current Status of Asian Elephants in Borneo

The origin of the Bornean elephant is still very controversial, despite the publication of a genetic study by Fernando et al. (2003) indicating the distinctiveness of the Bornean elephant and its derivation from Sundaic stock. The authors suggested independent evolution of the Bornean elephant for some 300,000 years since a postulated Pleistocene colonization and recognized it as native to Born...

How Far Behind Are the South Asian Countries in Relation to East Asian

We define as South Asian countries those countries that start with Iran and end with Bangladesh in Asia. Wethen use export statistics in terms of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) for 14 industrial sectors tomeasure distances of export capabilities for these countries in relation to the “Western” developed and EastAsian countries. Statistical methods such as multidimensional scaling and ...

MULTIPLICATION MODULES THAT ARE FINITELY GENERATED

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $M$ be a unitary $R$-module. An $R$-module $M$ is called a multiplication module if for every submodule $N$ of $M$ there exists an ideal $I$ of $R$ such that $N = IM$. It is shown that over a Noetherian domain $R$ with dim$(R)leq 1$, multiplication modules are precisely cyclic or isomorphic to an invertible ideal of $R$. Moreover, we give a charac...